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Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 29, 2026

ISW · Institute for the Study of War ·

Executive Summary

Russia plans a significant increase in defense spending for 2027, reaching 17.1 trillion rubles, despite failing to offset rising debt and deficits through public revenues. This increased military expenditure is crowding out social and civilian spending, placing a burden on ordinary Russians. Meanwhile, Russia continues to conduct malign operations against NATO states, as evidenced by an arson attack on an Estonian defense company.

Why It Matters

This document provides critical insights into Russia's military-economic strategy, its information warfare tactics, and its escalating malign activities against NATO members, all of which are central to understanding the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and broader European security.

Key Takeaways

  • Russia plans to significantly increase defense spending in 2027, prioritizing military expenditure over social and civilian sectors, leading to rising debt and inflation.
    Source evidence · PDF page 2
    The Kremlin reportedly plans to significantly increase defense spending in 2027 as Russian attempts to raise public revenues have failed to offset rising debt and deficit estimates.
  • Estonian officials attribute an arson attack on a defense company to Russian security services, indicating Russia's escalating campaign of sabotage against NATO states.
    Source evidence · PDF page 3
    Estonian officials announced on September 29 that they determined that Russian security services were responsible for the attack and that Russia is increasingly employing repeated acts of sabotage to intimidate Europe from supporting Ukraine.
  • Putin continues to marginally increase the authorized end-strength of the Russian Armed Forces and uses State Duma election results to legitimize the war effort and demand societal sacrifices.
    Source evidence · PDF page 3
    Putin signed a decree on September 28 expanding the strength of the Russian Armed Forces to 2,441,630 total personnel, including 1,550,500 military personnel.

Strategic Relevance

The report highlights Russia's long-term commitment to its war in Ukraine, its willingness to sacrifice domestic welfare for military goals, and its aggressive posture towards NATO, impacting regional stability and alliance cohesion.

Source Website View PDF

Key Entities

RussiaUkraineVladimir PutinRussian Ministry of Defense (MoD)EstoniaNATOState DumaMilrem RoboticsOleg TsaryovInstitute for the Study of War

Best For

Defense AnalystsPolicy MakersIntelligence AnalystsMilitary StrategistsEconomists

Related Themes

Economic WarfareHybrid WarfareMilitary ModernizationInformation WarfareNATO SecurityRussia-Ukraine War

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