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Published: 07.11.2025

OpenAlex · Emir Muhić ·

Executive Summary

This paper proposes a network-based intelligence cycle to address the complexities of modern special warfare, which combines kinetic and non-kinetic threats. It argues that traditional linear intelligence models are insufficient for dynamic environments, advocating for adaptive, real-time collaboration among intelligence actors. The network model aims to enhance speed, flexibility, and resilience in intelligence operations.

Why It Matters

This research is crucial for modernizing intelligence operations to effectively counter complex, multi-domain threats characteristic of special warfare, ensuring national security in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

Key Takeaways

  • The traditional linear intelligence cycle is inadequate for contemporary 'special warfare,' which involves a complex mix of kinetic and non-kinetic threats like cyberattacks, disinformation, and political subversion.
    Source evidence · PDF page 1
    This paper, using a conceptual and comparative methodological approach, critically reviews the existing scholarship on the intelligence cycle and examines case-inspired dynamics of special warfare to assess whether a network-based model can more effectively reflect these demands.
  • Operational experiences from conflicts like the war in Ukraine and counterinsurgency campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan highlight the need for adaptive, networked intelligence models that integrate collection, analysis, and operations in real-time.
    Source evidence · PDF page 10
    Recent operational lessons in Ukraine lend support these critiques. Dinerman [25] demonstrates how the introduction of fusion cells in Iraq and Afghanistan reduced isolation between special opera­tions forces and conventional units, enabling integrated targeting, situational awareness, and faster decision-making.
  • Implementing a network-based intelligence cycle requires institutional reforms, including flat operational structures, interoperable digital platforms, and new training paradigms that foster cognitive agility and interdisciplinary expertise.
    Source evidence · PDF page 22
    At the institutional level, building a functional network model requires intelligence services to move away from strictly hierarchical pro­cesses and organisational logic. It is necessary to establish the so-called ‘flat’ operational structures in which analysts, operators, and decision-makers work together in real time through joint operational centres or digital collaborative platforms.

Strategic Relevance

The paper's focus on adapting intelligence cycles to special warfare and hybrid threats is highly relevant for national security, military strategy, and intelligence community modernization efforts, particularly in the context of great power competition and evolving conflict dynamics.

Source Website View PDF

Key Entities

Emir MuhićNATOUSRussiaUkraineIsraelChinaFBICIANSADepartment of DefenseUS National Counterterrorism Center

Best For

Intelligence analystsMilitary strategistsNational security policymakersCyber warfare specialistsDefense researchers

Related Themes

Hybrid WarfareInformation WarfareCybersecurityMilitary DoctrineNational Security

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