Executive Summary
This CSET data brief is an annotated bibliography on international competition and control over emerging technologies. It covers the history of Cold War economic policies, export controls, technology transfer, and the strategic economic rivalries between the US-Japan and US-China. The document synthesizes scholarship on economic statecraft, sanctions, and the concept of 'weaponized interdependence', drawing lessons for contemporary policy challenges.
Why It Matters
This document is crucial for defense and geopolitical analysts as it provides a comprehensive historical and theoretical framework for understanding strategic economic competition and technology control, directly impacting national security and international power dynamics.
Key Takeaways
- Economics and technology are fundamental to national security and geopolitical outcomes, enabling states to project power and influence.
- Export controls are a delaying measure, not a permanent solution, and their effectiveness is significantly enhanced by multilateral coordination.
- Policymakers must continuously update technology control policies to remain effective, as obsolete restrictions are counterproductive.
- The concept of "weaponized interdependence" highlights how economic ties are leveraged to influence adversary behavior.
- The US-China technological rivalry presents a unique challenge due to the more balanced capabilities compared to past competitions.
Strategic Relevance
This document provides a foundational understanding of how economic statecraft, export controls, and technological competition have shaped and continue to shape global power dynamics. It offers insights into the strategic implications of technology transfer and the challenges of maintaining technological superiority, which are critical for national security planning and policy formulation in an era of great power competition.