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Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 19, 2026

ISW · Institute for the Study of War ·

Executive Summary

The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) is exaggerating battlefield gains to mislead domestic and international audiences, particularly during State Duma elections and ahead of the UN General Assembly. Ukrainian forces have achieved drone overmatch in the Lyman direction through targeted strikes on Russian drone operators and air defenses. Russia is increasingly using repurposed S-400 training missiles (RM48U) due to ballistic missile shortages, leading to higher civilian casualties.

Why It Matters

This document provides a critical assessment of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, highlighting Russian disinformation tactics, Ukrainian operational successes, and shifts in Russian missile capabilities, which are crucial for understanding the conflict's trajectory and international implications.

Key Takeaways

  • The Russian MoD is deliberately fabricating battlefield success narratives for political and international influence, contradicting independent assessments.
    Source evidence · PDF page 2
    The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) continues to greatly exaggerate the extent of Russian advances across the frontline to construct a false narrative of Russian battlefield progress for domestic and international audiences.
  • Ukrainian forces have achieved localized drone superiority and operational initiative in key areas like Lyman by systematically targeting Russian drone and air defense capabilities.
    Source evidence · PDF page 3
    Ukrainian forces extensively targeted Russian drone operators as part of their battlefield shaping effort that enabled Ukrainian drone overmatch prior to Ukraine’s Operation Vivaldi in the Lyman direction.
  • Russia is compensating for ballistic missile shortages by repurposing S-400 training missiles (RM48U), which are less accurate and contribute to increased civilian casualties.
    Source evidence · PDF page 8
    Russian forces significantly increased their use of RM48U missiles · repurposed training missiles for S-400 air defense systems that fly on ballistic trajectories at high speeds · during the summer, according to official Ukrainian data that Reuters observed.

Strategic Relevance

The report details the information warfare tactics employed by Russia, the evolving operational strategies of Ukraine, and the adaptation of Russian military capabilities, all of which are critical for assessing the strategic balance and future developments in the conflict.

Source Website View PDF

Key Entities

Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD)UkraineRussiaUnited StatesUkrainian Armed ForcesDonald TrumpInstitute for the Study of War (ISW)United Nations General AssemblyS-400 missilesRM48U missilesLymanOdesa

Best For

Defense AnalystsIntelligence AnalystsPolicy MakersMilitary StrategistsGeopolitical Researchers

Related Themes

Information WarfareMilitary AidDrone WarfareAir DefenseStrategic DeceptionGeopolitical Competition

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